Further Reading

Brown, W. S.
1951 California Northeast: The Bloody Ground. Biobooks. Oakland, California.

Delacorte, Michael
1997 Culture Change Along the Eastern Sierra Nevada/Cascade Front: Volume I - History of Investigations and Summary of Findings. Coyote Press, Salinas.

Leaf, Ike (with Shirley Silver)
1990 The Sneak Attack.Journal of the Modoc County Historical Society, No. 12, Alturas, California.

Heizer, Robert F.
1978 Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8: California. Smithsonian Institution. Washington D.C.

Kniffer, F.
1928 Achamawi Geography. University of California Publication in American Archaeology and Ethnology 23(5):297-332.

McGuire, Kelly R.
2000 Archaeological Investigations Along the California-Great Basin Interface: The Alturas Transmission Line Project. Coyote Press, Salinas.

Moratto, Michael J.
1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.

Schmitt, M. F.
1960 General George Crook: His Autobiography. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

Tiley, Shelly
2000 Native American Knowledge and Perception of the Battle of Infernal Caverns. Report on file, Bureau of Land Management, Susanville, California.


Notes

° C. Hart Merriam (1966:35) records the Hammawi name for Crooks Canyon as Soo'-dah pe-da'-ge. This would sound something like "soo-daw pee-day-gee." The closest match in Olmsted's Achumawi Dictionary (1966) is so·jes ("soldiers," an English borrowing, pronounced "sohjuss") and pitakje (much, so, or this, pronounced something like "peetaykjee"). This is interpreted as "many soldiers."
° Archaeological sites, such as those described in this presentation, are the remaining physical manifestations of our shared history and cultural heritage. To preserve archaeological resources from unauthorized excavation and vandalism, the locations of those sites discussed in this presentation have been purpose-fully obscured.
° The border design that appears throughout this document is adapted from the woven rim design of an Achumawi burden basket.
° Cover photo: The entrance to Crooks Canyon as seen looking west from the South Fork Pit River Valley (Courtesy of William Norton).


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